Department of Macromolecular
Science
602 Olin Building
Phone 368-4172; Fax 368-4202
John Blackwell
Macromolecular science is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of polymers. These giant molecules are the basis of synthetic materials including plastics, fibers, rubber, films, paints, membranes, and adhesives. Research is constantly expanding these applications through the development of new high performance polymers, e.g. for engineering composites, electronic, optical, and biomedical uses. In addition, most biological systems are composed of macromolecules: proteins (e.g. silk, wool, tendons), carbohydrates (e.g. cellulose) and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) can all be classified as polymers and are studied by the same methods as are applied to synthetic polymers.
Production of polymers and their components is central to the chemical industry, and statistics show that over 75 percent of all chemists and chemical engineers in industry are involved with some aspect of polymers. Despite this, formal education in this area is offered by only a few universities in this country, resulting in a continued strong demand for our graduates upon completion of their B.S., M.S., or Ph.D. degrees.
John Blackwell, Ph.D. (University of Leeds, England)
F. Alex Nason Professor and Chairman
Interactions of biological macromolecules; x-ray diffraction; solid state structure and morphology of polymers
Eric Baer, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University)
The Herbert Henry Dow Professor of Science and Engineering
Irreversible microdeformation mechanisms; polymer composites and blends; polymerization and crystallization on crystalline surfaces.
P. Anne Hiltner, Ph.D. (Oregon State University)
Professor
Irreversible deformation, damage mechanisms and fracture of polymer blends and composites; structure-function relationships in collagenous tissues; biodegradation of biomaterials
Steven D. Hudson, Ph.D. (University of Massachusetts)
Assistant Professor
Structure and morphology of ordered polymer systems; electron microscopy; x-ray diffraction; rheological characterization
Hatsuo Ishida, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Professor
Processing of polymers and composite materials; structural analysis of surfaces and interfaces; molecular spectroscopy of synthetic polymers
Alexander M. Jamieson, Ph.Phil. (Oxford University, England)
Professor
Quasielastic laser light scattering; relaxation and transport of macromolecules in solution and bulk; structure-function relationships of biological macromolecules
Jack L. Koenig, Ph.D. (University of Nebraska, Lincoln)
The J. Donnell Institute Professor
Polymer structure-property relationships using infrared, Raman, NMR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging techniques.
Jerome B. Lando, Ph.D. (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn)
Professor
Solid state polymerization; x-ray crystallography of polymers; electrical properties of polymers; ultra-thin polymer films
Morton Litt, Ph.D. (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn)
Professor
Mechanics and kinetics of polymers; synthesis of novel monomers and polymers; polymer electrical properties; fluorocarbon chemistry
Ica Manas-Zloczower, D.Sc. (Technion-Israel Institute of Technology)
Associate Professor
Dispersive mixing of solid additives in various media under controlled flow conditions (mechanism and modeling); theoretical modeling of the blending process
Abdelsamie Moet, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Professor
Fatigue, fracture toughness, adhesion, blends, composites and polymer/mineral intercalates.
Virgil Percec, Ph.D. (Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Jassy, Romania)
Professor
Polymer synthesis and modification, with emphasis on self-organized supramolecular systems, new polymerization reactions and reaction mechanisms, supramolecular chemistry.
Charles E. Rogers, Ph.D. (Syracuse University and State University of New York)
Professor
Transport and mechanical properties of polymers; synthesis and properties of multicomponent systems; environmental effect on polymers; adhesion, adhesives, and coatings.
Shi-Qing Wang, Ph.D. (University of Chicago)
Assistant Professor
Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of complex fluids: polymers, low mass and polymeric liquid crystals and surfactant aggregates (micelles)
James M. Anderson, Ph.D. (Oregon State University), M.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Professor of Macromolecular Science, Pathology, and Biomedical Engineering
Development of polymers for medical and dental applications
Leroy Klein, Ph.D. (Boston University), M.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Professor of Orthopaedics, Biochemistry
Collagen physiology
J. Adin Mann, Jr., Ph.D. (Iowa State University)
Professor of Chemical Engineering
Surface phenomena; interfacial dynamics; light scattering; stochastic processes of adsorption and molecular rearrangement at interfaces
Roger Marchant, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Biopolymers; polymer surface coatings; properties and characterization of polymer surfaces on implants and sensors
Syed Qutubuddin, Ph.D. (Carnegie-Mellon University)
Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering
Colloids; polymers and interfacial phenomena; laser light scattering; enhanced oil recovery
William M. Ritchey, Ph.D. (Ohio State University)
Professor of Chemistry
Structure-property relationships in polymers; high-resolution solution and solid-state NMR
Charles Rosenblatt, Ph.D., (Harvard University)
Professor of Physics
Experimental condensed matter physics; liquid crystal physics
Philip Taylor, Ph.D. (Cambridge University, England)
Perkins Professor of Physics
Phase transitions and equations of state for crystalline polymers; piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity
Edward A. Collins, Ph.D. (University of Manitoba, Canada)
Adjunct Professor
Colloid and surface science and rheology; characterization and morphology of polymers
Andrew Keller, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor(University of Bristol, England)
Morphology and structure of semi-crystalline and liquid crystalline polymers, extensional flow, polymer gelation.
Frank N. Kelley, Ph.D. (University of Akron)
Adjunct Professor(University of Akron)
Polymer structure-property relationships; rheology; material characterization; fracture; life prediction
Dale Meier, Ph.D. (UCLA)
Adjunct Professor (Michigan Molecular Institute)
Thermodynamics and morphology of block copolymers and elastomers.
Scott E. Rickert, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Adjunct Professor
Conducting polymers; microdevices; polymer electrodes; polymer adsorption
John C. Weaver, Ph.D. (University of Cincinnati)
Adjunct Professor
Coatings science and technology
James L. White, Ph.D.(University of Delaware)
Adjunct Professor (University of Akron)
Polymer melt-solution rheology and fluid mechanics; elastomers; polymer liquid crystals and aromatic polyamides
In 1970, the department introduced a program leading to the Bachelor of Science in Engineering degree with a major in polymer science, which is designed to prepare the student both for employment in polymer-based industry and for graduate education in polymer science. The Case School of Engineering is proud that this was the first such undergraduate program in the country to receive accreditation from the Engineering Council for Professional Development. The curriculum combines courses dealing with all aspects of polymer science and engineering with basic courses in chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biology, depending on the needs and interests of the student. The student chooses a sequence of technical electives, in consultation with a faculty adviser, allowing a degree of specialization in one particular area of interest, e.g., polymer materials, chemical engineering, biopolymers, biochemistry, or physics.
In addition to required formal laboratory courses, students are encouraged to participate in the research activities of the department, both through part-time employment as student laboratory technicians and through the senior project requirement--a one- or two-semester project that involves the planning and performance of a research project. Polymer science undergraduates are also strongly encouraged to seek summer employment in industrial laboratories during at least one of their three years with the department.
In addition to the general undergraduate curriculum in macromolecular science, the department offers three specialized programs which lead to the B.S. with a macromolecular science major.
The cooperative program contains all the course work required for full-time resident students plus one or two six-month cooperative sessions in polymer based industry. The company is selected by the student in consultation with his or her adviser, depending on the available opportunities.
The dual degree program allows students to work simultaneously on two baccalaureate level degrees within the University. It generally takes five years to complete the course requirements for each department for the degree.
The B.S./M.S. program leads to the simultaneous completion of requirements for both the master's and bachelor's degrees. Students with a minimum GPA of 3.0 may apply for admission to this program in their junior year.
Bachelor of Science in Engineering
FRESHMAN
FALL SEMESTER
Open Elective or Humanities/Social Science (3-0-3)(b)
CHEM 105, Principles of Chemistry I (3-0-3) or
CHEM 107, Properties and Structure of Matter I (3-0-3)
CMPS 131, Elementary Computer Programming (2-2-3)
MATH 121, Calculus for Science and Engineering I (4-0-4)
ENGL 150, Expository Writing (3-0-3)
PHED 101, Physical Education Activities (0-3-0)
Total (15-5-16)
SPRING SEMESTER
Humanities/Social Science or Open Elective (3-0-3)(b)
CHEM 106, Principles of Chemistry II (3-0-3) or
CHEM 108, Properties and Structure of Matter II (3-0-3)
CHEM 113, Principles of Chemistry Laboratory (1-3-2)
MATH 122, Calculus for Science and Engineering II (4-0-4)
PHYS 120, General Physics I (4-0-4)(a)
PHED 102, Physical Education Activities (0-3-0)
Total (15-6-16)
SOPHOMORE
FALL SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Sequence I (3-0-3)
CHEM 223, Organic Chemistry I (3-0-3)
EMAC 270, Introduction to Polymer Science (3-0-3)(c)
MATH 223, Calculus for Science and Engineering III (3-0-3)
PHYS 219, General Physics II (4-0-4)
Total (16-0-16)
SPRING SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Sequence II (3-0-3)
CHEM 224, Organic Chemistry II (3-0-3)
EMAC 276, Polymer Properties and Design (3-0-3)
MATH 224, Elementary Differential Equations (3-0-3)
PHYS 220, General Physics III (3-0-3)
Total (15-0-15)
JUNIOR
FALL SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Sequence III (3-0-3)
CHEM 321, Laboratory Methods and Techniques I (1-5-3)
EMAC 171, Physical Chemistry for Engineers I (3-0-3)(c)
ECIV 110, Mechanics (3-0-3)(c)
ECHE 360, Transport Phenomena (4-0-4)(c)
Total (14-5-16)
SPRING SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Sequence IV (3-0-3)
EMAC 172, Physical Chemistry for Engineers II (3-0-3)
EMAC 272, Polymer Analysis Laboratory (2-4-3)
EMAC 376, Polymer Engineering (3-0-3)
ECMP 251, Numerical Methods I (2-2-3)(c)
ENGL 398, Professional Communication (2-0-2)
Total (15-6-17)
SENIOR
FALL SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Elective (3-0-3)
EEAP 240, Electronic Circuits I (3-2-4)(c)
EMAC 377, Polymer Processing (3-0-3)
EMAC 398, Polymer Science & Engineering Project (0-9-3)(c),(d)
Technical Elective (3-0-3)(e)
Open elective (3-0-3)
Total (15-11-19)
SPRING SEMESTER
Humanities or Social Science Elective (3-0-3)
EMAC 378, Polymer Production and Technology (3-0-3)
EMAC 372, Polymer Processing Laboratory (2-4-3)
Technical elective (3-0-3)(e)
Technical elective (3-0-3)(e)
Open elective (3-0-3)
Total (18-4-18)
Hours required for graduation: 133 plus graphics proficiency.
a Selected students may be invited to take PHYS 125, 126, General Physics I, II - Honors, in place of an open elective and PHYS 120.
b One of these courses must be a humanities/social science course.
c Engineering Core Courses.
d Preparation for the polymer science project should commence in the previous semester.
e Technical sequence must be approved by department adviser.
Courses leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in macromolecular science are offered within the Case School of Engineering. They are designed to increase the student's knowledge of macromolecular science and of his own basic area of scientific interest, with application to specific polymer research problems. Research programs derive particular benefit from close cooperation with graduate programs in chemistry, physics, materials science, chemical engineering, biological sciences, and other engineering areas. The interdisciplinary academic structure allows the faculty to fit the individual program to the student's background and career plans. Basic and advanced courses are offered in polymer synthesis, physical chemistry, physics, biopolymers, and applied polymer science and engineering. A laboratory course in polymer characterization instructs students in the use of modern experimental techniques and equipment. Graduate students are also encouraged to take advanced course work in polymer solid state physics, physical chemistry, synthesis, rheology, and polymer processing.
The department also offers, in conjunction with the School of Medicine, a six- to seven-year M.D./Ph.D. program for students interested in the application of polymers and plastics to medicine, as well as for students interested in a molecular structural basis of medicine, particularly related to connective tissues, biomechanics, aging, pharmaceuticals, and blood behavior. Initiated in 1977, it is the only program of its kind in the nation.
The Department of Macromolecular Science within the Case School of Engineering occupies all eight floors of the Olin Laboratory for Materials. Laboratories and instrumentation include the X-ray Laboratory, with diffraction and fluorescence equipment; the Electron Microscopy Laboratory, with transmission and scanning electron microscopes; the Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, with a complete range of spectroscopic equipment including FTIR, high resolution solution and solid-state NMR (including imaging, computerized laser Raman spectrophotometers, and a high speed/high sensitivity polymer analysis system; and the Biological Materials Laboratory, with facilities for characterization of certain aspects of structure, size, and shape of biological materials. The Polymer Microdevice Laboratory operates in an ultra-clean environment and uses the Langmuir-Blodgett technique of film deposition. There are also facilities for polymer characterization, optical microscopy, scanning calorimetry, and for testing and evaluating the mechanical properties of materials.
The C. Richard Newpher polymer composite processing laboratory includes a high temperature Rheometrics RMS-800 dynamic mechanical spectrometer, a Bomem DA-3 FTIR with FT-Raman capabilities, a pultrusion machine, several RIM machines, a compression molding machine, a Brabender plasticorder, a high speed Instron testing machine, and a vibrating sample magnetometer.
The Charles E. Reed `34 Laboratory is concerned with the mechanical analysis of polymeric materials. The major testing is done by Instron Universal testing instruments including an Instron model 1123 with numerous accessories such as an environmental chamber for high or low temperature experiments. Recently, the laboratory has added an Acoustic Emission analyzer which ultrasonically evaluates failure and fracture of polymers under stress.
The Center for Macromolecular Modelling of Polymers was established via a grant from the Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation, in partnership with the University of Akron. At CWRU the laboratory contains high-end and low-end Silicon Graphics Computers and various software packages for molecular modelling of polymers.
The research activities of the department span the entire scope of macromolecular science and polymer technology.
Synthesis
New and novel types of macromolecules including liquid crystalline polymers and biopolymers, are being made in the department's synthesis laboratories.
Physical Characterization
This is the broad area of polymer analysis, which seeks to relate the structure of the polymer at the molecular level to the bulk properties that determine its actual or potential applications. This includes characterization of polymers by infrared, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis determination of structure and morphology by x-rays and electron microscopy, and investigation of molecular weights and conformation by light scattering.
Processing
A major concern of industry is the efficient and large scale production of polymer materials for commercial applications. Research in this area is focusing on reactive processing and polymer mixing, i.e., compounding and blends.
Biopolymers
Living systems are composed primarily of macromolecules, and research is in progress on several projects of medical relevance. The department has a longstanding interest in the structure and properties of the components of connective tissues (e.g., skin, cartilage, and bone). The department is also engaged in the development of new polymers for application as biomaterials.
Mechanical Behavior and Analysis
Polymeric materials are known for their unusual mechanical capabilities, usually exploited as components of structural systems. Analysis includes the study of viscoelastic behavior, yielding and fracture phenomena and a variety of novel irreversible deformation processes.
Materials Development and Design
Often, newly conceived products require the development of polymeric materials with certain specific properties or design characteristics. Materials can be handpicked or tailor-made to yield the best performance under specified conditions. Examples might be the design of permselective membranes for use in kidney dialysis, polymers that are stable at high temperatures for fire-retardant construction materials, and even high-strength nonreactive polymers for use as biological implants.
Macromolecular Science (EMAC)
EMAC 171. Physical Chemistry for Engineers I (3).
Principles of physical chemistry and their application to systems involving physical and chemical transformations. Gases, liquids, solids, and solutions, first second, and third laws of thermodynamics; thermochemistry; physical and chemical equilibria. Prerequisite: CHEM 106 or 108.
EMAC 172. Physical Chemistry for Engineers II (3).
(Continuation of EMAC 171.) Phase rule, electrochemistry, kinetics of chemical reactions, surface phenomena, contact catalysis, and colloids. Prerequisite: EMAC 171.
EMAC 176. Polymer Materials (3).
Material properties associated with the use of synthetic and natural polymers in films, film, composites, rubbers, paper, foods etc., described and correlated with physical and chemical structure. Limited to freshmen.
EMAC 270. Introduction to Polymer Science (3).
Science and engineering of large molecules. Correlation of molecular structure and properties of polymers in solution and in bulk. Control of significant structural variables in polymer synthesis. Analysis of physical methods for characterization of molecular weight, morphology, rheology, and mechanical behavior. Prerequisites: CHEM 105, 106 or 107, 108.
EMAC 272. Polymer Analysis Laboratory (3).
Experimental techniques in polymer synthesis and characterization. Synthesis by free radical, emulsion, anionic, and condensation polymerization. Investigation of polymer structure by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, infrared, NMR, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Molecular weight determination by light scattering and viscosity measurement. Chemical and mechanical properties.
EMAC 276. Polymer Properties and Design (3).
Engineering properties of polymers and their evaluation in terms of selection and design procedures. Relation of properties to the chemical and physical structure of polymers and application conditions. Prerequisite: EMAC 270.
EMAC 303. Structure of Biologic Materials (3).
This course on the structure of biological materials is designed to provide students with: (i) a fundamental understanding of the structure of biological materials including globular and structural proteins, connective tissue and bone, from the molecular to the microscopic levels of structure; (ii) an introduction to the basic principles and applications of instruments for imaging, identification and measurement of biological materials; (iii) an introduction to methods of bioengineering biological materials and novel bio-matierals.
EMAC 372. Polymer Processing and Testing Laboratory (3).
Basic technique for the rheological characterization of thermoplastic and thermoset resins; "hands-on" experience with the equipment used in polymer processing methods such as extrusion, injection molding, compression molding; techniques for mechanical characterization and basic principles of statistical quality control. Prerequisite: EMAC 376 and 377, or consent of instructor.
EMAC 376. Polymer Engineering (3).
Mechanical properties of polymer materials as related to polymer structure and composition. Melt rheology and electrical and optical surface properties of polymers. Prerequisites: EMAC 276, ECIV 110 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 377. Polymer Processing (3).
Rheological, molecular, structural, engineering, and compounding factors affecting processibility and properties of polymers; principles and procedures for extrusion, melting, calendaring, injection molding, and other primary processing methods. Pertinent mechanisms and theories; the application of theory to practice. Prerequisite: EMAC 376 and ECHE 360.
EMAC 378. Polymer Production and Technology (3).
Engineering operations for industrial polymerization procedures. Finishing and fabrication of polymers. Production and technology of plastics, elastomers, fibers, and coatings. Prerequisite: EMAC 276.
EMAC 396. Special Topics in Macromolecular Science (credit as arranged).
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
EMAC 397. Special Topics in Macromolecular Science (credit as arranged).
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
EMAC 398. Polymer Science and Engineering Project I (3).
(Senior project) Research under the guidance of staff, culminating in thesis.
EMAC 399. Polymer Science and Engineering Project II (1-9).
(Senior project.) Research under the guidance of staff, culminating in thesis.
EMAC 470. Macromolecular Synthesis (4).
Organic chemistry of macromolecules. Mechanism of polyreactions; preparation of addition, condensation, and biopolymers; chemical reactions of polymers. Prerequisite: EMAC 270 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 471. Polymers in Medicine (3).
Distribution of plastic implants in the body, including history and statistics; chemical and physical characteristic of biomedical polymers, including general implant requirements, reactions of the host to implants, reactions of the implant to physiological conditions, physiological and biomechanical basis for soft-tissue implants; plastic materials used in medicine and surgery; frontiers in biomedical polymers (current topics directed to the design and development of new biomedical polymers).
EMAC 472. Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules (4).
Major areas of physical chemistry of macromolecules; theories and experimental methods of polymer solutions, physical methods for determination of chemical structure, configuration. Prerequisite: EMAC 270 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 473. Biopolymers (3).
Application of physical technique (X-ray, electron microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, circular dichroism, etc.) to the characterization of biopolymers, including polypeptide, polysaccharides, and polynucleotides. Prerequisite: EMAC 270 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 474. Macromolecular Physics (4).
Physics of amorphous and crystalline polymers. Equilibrium elastic properties of rubbery materials. Viscoelasticity. Liquid-glass and glass-glass transitions. Morphology, characterization, and deformation behavior of crystalline polymers. Prerequisite: EMAC 270 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 475. Characterization of Biopolymers (3).
Methods of elucidating both the hydrodynamic and spectral properties of biopolymers. Dynamic characterization of biopolymer behavior. Prerequisite: EMAC 473 or consent of instructor.
EMAC 476. Applied Macromolecular Science and Engineering (3).
Properties, processing, and technology of plastics, elastomers, fibers, films, and coatings. Mechanical behavior of polymers related to polymer structure and composition. Prerequisite: EMAC 171, 270, ECIV 110, or consent of instructor.
EMAC 477. Polymer Processing (3).
Rheological, molecular, structural, engineering, and compounding factors affecting processibility and properties of polymers; principles and procedures for mixing, extrusion, melting, calendaring, injection molding, and other primary processing methods. Pertinent mechanisms and theories; the application of theory to practice. Prerequisite: EMAC 376.
EMAC 479. X-Ray Crystallography (3).
Scattering of X-rays by crystalline and semicrystalline solids, including polymers. Techniques of structure analysis.
EMAC 481. Polymer Composite Processing (3).
Factors affecting the selection of composite processing methods. Characteristics and applications of compression, injection, and reinforced reaction injection molding of composites. Filament winding and pultrusion methods. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor.
EMAC 482. Fundamentals of Adhesives, Sealants and Coatings (3).
Film formation, application methods, and related fabrication factors and procedures. Relevant adhesion theories and practices, aspect of rheological treatments, and factors which affect these applications. Properties of constituent polymer materials, pigments, solvents, and other additives.
EMAC 570. Macromolecular Synthesis II (credit as arranged).
A series of advanced topics in methods and mechanisms of polymerization of synthetic and biopolymers. Coordination, emulsion, ionic, and topochemical polymerizations. Novel polymerization methods. Prerequisite: EMAC 470 or equivalent or consent of instructor.
EMAC 572. Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules II (3).
A series of advanced topics in physical chemistry of polymers, including conformation statistics of flexible chains, optical properties of polymers, and physical chemistry of biological materials and systems. Prerequisite: EMAC 472.
EMAC 575. Polymer Rheology (3).
Deformation and flow of matter, with emphasis on colloidal and polymeric systems. Rheometry of Non-Newtonian fluids, flow properties of simple fluids and dispersions, linear viscoelasticity, polymer solutions and melts, and applications to processing of polymers.
EMAC 601. Independent Study (credit as arranged).
EMAC 651. Thesis (M.S).(credit as arranged).
EMAC 670. Selected Topics in Macromolecular Synthesis (credit as arranged).
Content varies but may include catalyst mechanisms, special reactions, organometallics, etc.
EMAC 672. Selected Topics in the Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules (credit as arranged).
Content varies but may include liquid structure and properties, polymer characterization, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, ion-exchange phenomena, polymer membrane presses.
EMAC 673. Selected Topics in Polymer Engineering (credit as arranged).
Content varies but may include mechanisms of irreverisble deformation; failure, fatigue and fracture of polymers and their composites; processing-structure-property relationships; hierarchical design of polymeric systems.
EMAC 677. Colloquium in Macromolecular Science (0).
Lectures by invited speakers on subjects of current interest in polymer science.
EMAC 678. Characterization of Macromolecules (credit as arranged).
Laboratory experience through synthesis and characterization of polymers. Methods include light scattering, viscosity, infrared, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy. Solid sample characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis. Prerequisite: EMAC 470, 472, or consent of instructor.
EMAC 690. Special Topics in Macromolecular Science (credit as arranged).
EMAC 691. The Scientist in the Industrial Environment (1).
A seminar focusing on how research and development management plans, justifies, and operates within the corporate structure and the areas research and development encounters in so doing-finance, law, purchasing, manufacturing, marketing, and environmental control.
EMAC 701. Dissertation (Ph.D.) (credit as arranged).
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