106 Mather House
Phone 216-368-2380; Fax 216-368-4681
Carroll Pursell, Chair

The Department of History offers comprehensive undergraduate and graduate programs in American history; the history of science, technology, environment and medicine; social history and policy; and the history of law. Historical studies are sometimes categorized among humanistic studies and sometimes among the social sciences. Allied with both traditions, historians seek an understanding of the past by analyzing societies and how they change over time. The Department of History offers instruction within the cultural, political, and economic frameworks that have formed the customary basis of historical studies, and it also has developed special emphases in social, cultural, political, and economic perspectives that allow instruction and research on such topics as the African-American experience, the environment, business and economy, technology and science, medicine, the environment, women’s history and gender studies, legal history and comparative social history. Courses in history, or a formal major or minor in history, traditionally have been attractive to students as preparation for a wide variety of career and professional interests, including teaching, law, government, journalism, and such public history activities as archival administration, historical museum administration, restoration and preservation of historic sites, and writing.

Carroll W. Pursell, Ph.D. (University of California, Berkeley)
Adeline Barry Davee Distinguished Professor and Chair
History of technology; U.S. science and technology policy

John Grabowski, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Kreiger-Muller Associate Professor in Applied History

David C. Hammack, Ph.D. (Columbia University)
Hiram C. Haydn Professor
American social and urban history; economic history

Elisabeth Köll, D.Phil. (Oxford University)
Assistant Professor
East Asian history; Chinese economic history

Kenneth F. Ledford, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University), J.D. (University of North Carolina)
Associate Professor; Secondary Appointment, School of Law
Modern German history; Modern European history; European legal history; history of the professions

Miriam R. Levin, Ph.D. (University of Massachusetts)
Associate Professor
Industrial culture; European technology; French cultural history

Alan Rocke, Ph.D. (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
Henry Eldridge Bourne Professor
History of science; science, technology, and society

Jonathan Sadowsky, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University)
Theodore J. Castele Associate Professor of Medical History; Secondary Appointment, School of Medicine
African history; comparative history; cultural anthropology; medical history

Renée Sentilles, Ph.D. (College of William and Mary)
Assistant Professor
American women’s history; cultural history; American studies

Theodore L. Steinberg, Ph.D. (Brandeis University)
Professor; Secondary Appointment, School of Law
U.S. environmental and legal history

Gillian L. Weiss, Ph.D. (Stanford University)
Assistant Professor
Early modern France; comparative slaveries

Rhonda Williams, Ph.D. (University of Pennsylvania)
Assistant Professor
African-American history; U.S. social history

Angela Woollacott, Ph.D. (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Professor
Modern British Empire; women’s history; Feminist theory

James M. Edmonson, Ph.D. (University of Delaware)
Adjunct Associate Professor and Director, Dittrick Medical History Center
History of technology; history of medicine; museum studies

Dennis Harrison, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Adjunct Assistant Professor and University Archivist
Archival administration; Cleveland history

The department offers these basic undergraduate history programs: the history major leading to the Bachelor of Arts degree, available in two options (the regular major, and the teacher licensure major); the history minor and sequence; and the Integrated Graduate Studies Program (IGS). The department encourages student participation in the Junior Year Abroad program. Students who elect a major, a minor, or a sequence in history must consult the departmental advisor each semester for guidance in planning their schedules. In addition, the Department of History and the Department of Philosophy together offer an undergraduate major in the history and philosophy of science and technology. The History Department also participates in, and contributes courses to, American studies, Asian studies, Environmental studies, French studies, German studies, International studies, and Women’s studies.

The history major may be elected in one of two formats: the regular major and the teacher licensure major.

The Department of History confers commencement honors in history to majors who successfully complete HSTY 399: Senior Honors Colloquium. Participation in this spring course is by invitation only, extended in fall of the senior year based upon outstanding academic achievement.

A minor in history is available to all undergraduate students. It consists of 15 hours in history, including 112-113 (history core courses) and three additional courses, chosen in consultation with the departmental advisor; the courses must form a coherent field of historical inquiry. A 9-hour sequence is also available to all students in the Case School of Engineering. It includes HSTY 112 or 113 (history core courses), plus two additional courses chosen in consultation with the departmental advisor; the courses must form a coherent field of historical inquiry.

The Department of History participates in the Integrated Graduate Studies program. Interested students should note the general requirements and procedures of the Graduate School, but must also consult the departmental advisor about the specific requirements, guidelines, and opportunities for IGS in history.

Students with Advanced Placement (AP) scores of 4 or better will receive three semester ours of college credit, applicable to the total number of credits required for graduation as well as to any major, minor, or sequence in history. AP credit may not be applied to the HSTY 112 and 113 core courses. Credit by way of AP examination in U.S. history is given for HSTY 256: American Political History, in European history for HSTY 212: Modern European History.

The Department of History offers both the M.A. and the Ph.D. in history, but it emphasizes its two focused Ph.D. programs, in Social History and Policy and in the History of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine. In practice, these two programs are closely related. The department also joins with the Law School to offer an M.A. in History/J.D. double-degree program. Informally, students can combine graduate study in History with the certificate or degree programs of the Mandel Center for Nonprofit Organizations. All applicants for graduate degrees in history must submit transcripts from all previous undergraduate, graduate, and professional study, scores on the GRE aptitude test or a comparable standardized test, and three letters of recommendation. The department recommends, but does not require, an undergraduate major in history. The M.A. in history requires 27 hours of course work, including 6 hours of carefully supervised work on a master’s thesis (a work of original research based on primary sources), and can be completed in as few as three semesters. It is possible to earn an M.A. in African, American, Asian, or European history; the strengths of the department are in U.S. and European history. For the joint J.D./M.A. program, students must be admitted to both the history graduate and law schools, and they can complete their degrees in either three and one-half years or three years and two summers of study, completing a total of 106 hours (including double credits of up to nine hours). Students are admitted into the History Department’s graduate programs with or without a master’s or professional degree. Students who do not have a master’s degree in history may be required to complete that degree in the department before moving on to the Ph.D.; those who have earned graduate or professional degrees closely related to their Ph.D. programs may petition for direct admission to the Ph.D. program. Students who first complete their M.A. in history at Case Western Reserve must complete an additional 18 hours of course work, pass the qualifying exams required by their program of study, and prepare a Ph.D. dissertation while enrolling in at least 18 hours of supervised dissertation-writing work. Students who have completed their master’s-level work before coming to Case Western Reserve must complete at least 18 hours of course work before taking their qualifying exams.

The Social History and Policy Program is designed to prepare students for careers either as analysts and administrators of social policy or as teachers and researchers in colleges and universities. The program defines social policy broadly to include not only welfare, family and juvenile matters, aging, health care, and medicine, but also education, urban history, environmental history, cultural policies regarding museums, libraries and similar agencies, and labor. The program recognizes that social policies are made and put into practice by private, nonprofit organizations and through legal institutions as well as through federal, state, and local legislatures and executives. Applicants for the Social History and Policy Ph.D. program must submit scores on the GRE aptitude test and three letters of recommendation. The program does not require an M.A. in history, and has admitted several students with J.D., M.S.W., library science, and other degrees, but it often requires students with limited backgrounds in U.S. history to take extra course work. More tightly structured than the traditional Ph.D., the Social History and Policy Program requires 18 hours of course work (and possibly additional hours to prepare for examinations); qualifying examinations in U.S. history and in the history of social policy; a cognate field; and a dissertation. The program also includes an option for the student to complete a policy-related internship; recent internships have been completed with the Cleveland Federation for Community planning, the Interchurch Council of Greater Cleveland, the Bureau of Jewish Education, the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine, and the Hathaway Brown School. The program was established in 1988; students who have completed its requirements have accepted positions at social and hospital agencies in Cleveland, at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, at the Universities of Notre Dame, of Dayton, and Idaho; at California State University, Los Angeles, Cleveland State and Kent State universities, at the Bank Street School of Education in New York City, and at Oberlin, Beloit, and Westminster of Pennsylvania colleges.

The program in the History of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine was established in 1961 as the first in the nation to emphasize the history of technology as well as the history of science. The program’s areas of particular strength include the social and cultural history of technology, both American and European, technology and science policy, the history of the physical sciences since the Renaissance, gender issues in technology and science, the history of medicine, and the history of the environment. The course of study for the Ph.D. in the History of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine includes the M.A. requirements, written and oral qualifying examinations, and a dissertation. While most graduates of the program teach in universities, others work in museums, archives, or deal with science policy questions. The Department of History also offers a traditional Ph.D. program in U.S. history. For this program, which does not admit students every year, an M.A. in history is strongly recommended. This program requires 18 hours of course work beyond the M.A., comprehensive oral examinations in the general field (U.S. history from the colonial period to the present), in a major field (a period or subfield of U.S. history), and in two cognate fields, at least one of which is in a field other than U.S. history.

Case Western Reserve University, the other institutions in the University Circle neighborhood, and the Cleveland area in general offer excellent facilities for historical research. These facilities are especially strong in the fields of Social History and Policy and the history of medicine, health care, nonprofit organizations, technology, and science. The university library’s extensive collections in these fields are significantly augmented by the holdings of the nationally-ranked Allen Memorial Library in the history of medicine and health care, and of the equally distinguished Western Reserve Historical Society in regional economic, social, nonprofit, ethnic, African-American, and Jewish history. Both the Allen Library and the Western Reserve Historical Society library are adjacent to the campus. The Cleveland Public Library, just five miles from campus in downtown Cleveland, is the third largest public library in the U.S.; it maintains excellent research collections in Ohio, U.S., and British history, technology, and business. The University has also pioneered in the development of electronic connections to other libraries and to research resources in general; Ohio’s many colleges and universities have one of the nation’s leading interlibrary loan programs.

HSTY 112. Introduction to American History (3)
History of the United States from the first settlements to the present. Emphasis on themes such as political and social revolution, slavery and race relations, industrialism, and national cultures.

HSTY 113. Introduction to Modern World History (3)
The history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in global context. Emphasis on the forces that have created or shaped the modern world: industrialization and technological change; political ideas and movements such as nationalism; European imperialism and decolonization; and the interplay of cultural values.

HSTY 117. Introduction to American Studies (3)
(See AMST 117.) Cross-listed as AMST 117.

HSTY 133. Introduction to Chinese History and Civilization (3)
This course explains the continuities and discontinuities in the history of China by stressing the development and distinctive adaptations of cultural, religious, and political patterns from the origins of the Chinese civilization to the present. By focusing on major cultural, socio-economic, and political issues such as Confucianism, Buddhism, trade relations, imperialism, and intellectual discourse in the overall Asian context (with particular reference to Korea and Japan), we discuss the historical development of China and its situation on entering the 21st century. Taking into account the key historical events in this century, we examine the emergence of China as a modern nation-state and the fundamental transformation of Chinese society in the post-war period. Cross-listed as ASIA 133.

HSTY 134. Introduction to Japanese History and Civilization (3)
This course provides an introduction to various aspects of Japanese civilization, from its origins to the present. By focusing on major cultural, socio-economic, and political issues such as the adaptation and transformation of Confucianism, Buddhism, Shintoism, social structures, material culture, foreign relations, militarism, nationalism, and intellectual discourse in the overall Asian context (with particular reference to Korea and China), we discuss the historical development of Japan and the country’s position on entering the 21st century. We examine the emergence of Japan as a modern nation-state and the fundamental transformation of its society in the post-war period. Cross-listed as ASIA 134.

HSTY 135. Introduction to Modern African History (3)
A general introduction to major themes in modern African history, with an emphasis on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics include oral tradition and narrative, economic structure and dynamics, religious movements, colonialism, nationalism, and the dilemmas of independent African states.

HSTY 151. Technology in European Civilization (3)
The history of technology in ancient Mediterranean, medieval, and modern European society until the First World War. The course introduces students to the relationship between technology and its social, political, and cultural settings, and to the values invested in technology at significant historical moments. There will be visits to local industrial sites, architectural and engineering monuments, and the Cleveland Museum of Art.

HSTY 152. Technology in America (3)
Origins and significance of technological developments in American history, from the first settlements to the present. Emphasis on the social, cultural, political, and economic significance of technology in American history.

HSTY 196. Energy and Society (3)
(See PHYS 196.) Cross-listed as PHYS 196.

HSTY 200. The Ancient World (3)
Ancient Western history from the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia to the dissolution of the Roman Empire in the West. Cross-listed as CLSC 201.

HSTY 201. Science in Western Thought I (3)
The development of Western thinking about the universe and our relation to it, as part of culture, from pre-classical civilizations to the age of Newton.

HSTY 202. Science in Western Thought II (3)
The development of Western thinking about the universe and our relation to it, as part of culture, from Newton to the modern age.

HSTY 203. Natural Philosophy (3)
(See PHIL 203.) Cross-listed as PHIL 203.

HSTY 204. Introduction to the Nonprofit Sector (3)
The United States has by far the largest and most important "nonprofit sector" in the world, a sector consisting of voluntary non-governmental organizations that provide health care, education and social services as well as arts, religious, and advocacy activities. Using mostly primary sources, this course considers the significance of the nonprofit sector in the U.S., its advantages and disadvantages, its uses for different groups of Americans, and current trends. Students have the option of writing either a standard term paper, or a study of strategic challenges facing a contemporary nonprofit organization.

HSTY 207. Natural Philosophy II (3)
(See PHIL 204.) Cross-listed as PHIL 204.

HSTY 208. Social History of Crime (3)
This course explores the relationship between law and history in American society. It uses social history methodology to suggest new ways of understanding how the law works as a system of power to advance certain interests at the expense of less powerful groups. Emphasis is on issues of pressing concern to America’s poor and working class, including the death penalty, abortion, rape, the war on drugs, and the prison industry.

HSTY 209. Women in Industrial America 1820-1930 (3)
The history of American women from 1820 to 1930, set within the context of the United States’ transformation to an industrial nation. Explores the differing perspectives that race, class, and region bring to the changing nature of women’s work, their spatial and material world, efforts at national reform, and the struggle for women’s rights.

HSTY 210. Byzantine World 300-1453 (3)
Development of the Byzantine empire from the emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity and founding of the eastern capital at Constantinople to the fall of Constantinople to Turkish forces in 1453. Cross-listed as CLSC 210.

HSTY 211. The Medieval World, 300-1500 (3)
Medieval history and civilization from the fall of the Roman Empire to the age of the Renaissance. Interactions between medieval Europe and other Mediterranean and Eurasian cultures.

HSTY 212. Modern European History (3)
The history of Europe from the late eighteenth century to the present. Themes include political upheavals and movements, as well as industrial, social, intellectual, and cultural changes. This course provides a solid foundation for those wishing to take more specialized courses in European history.

HSTY 213. Earthquake, Flood, and Fire: Natural Disaster in History (3)
The wind blows, mobile homes take flight, and people die. Natural disasters are that simple. Or are they? This course employs a historical approach to penetrate the mythology of natural disaster, focusing on the human dimension behind these so-called natural acts. By peeling back the layers of obfuscation, deposited there by successive generations of city boosters and technocrats, we learn that there is nothing simple or natural behind hurricane, tornado, flood, and earthquake calamities.

HSTY 215. Europe in the 20th Century (3)
The twentieth century has seen stupendous transformations in the internal structures of European politics, economics, society, and culture and in Europe’s place in the world. This course traces Europe’s transition from a continent of sovereign nation-states or empires ruled by monarchs with starkly hierarchical social structures, through wars, revolution, dictatorships, destruction, division, and destitution, to a conflicted present. The contradictory combination of peace, freedom, and pluralism combined with cultural critique of the very consumer society that has reduced conflict challenges students’ linear notions of historical development.

HSTY 216. Vikings and Medieval Scandinavia (3)
A survey of the history of the Vikings and Medieval Scandinavia, covering approximately the eighth to the fifteenth centuries AD. Topics explored include: causes of the "outbreak" and cessation of Viking expeditions, the role of the Vikings as raiders and/or traders in Western Europe, the role of the Vikings in the emerging states of Russia, Iceland and medieval Scandinavian law, the historicity of the saga literature, and Viking descendents–Normans and "Rus."

HSTY 217. History of Corporate America (3)
This course will explore the origins and evolution of big business’s role in American society. It is not a course about the history of corporations, but rather a course that examines how corporate entities have affected fundamental aspects of political, social, and economic life. It will deal with the period from the late nineteenth century to the present and cover topics as diverse as labor relations and advertising to media issues and lobbying. Our goal is to examine how a historical perspective can help us come to grips with topics of pressing importance to us as Americans today.

HSTY 221. Medieval and Tudor/Stuart England (3)
English history from Anglo-Saxon times through the Tudor and Stuart age; kings and kingship, the growth of Parliament, the common law, international politics, and England’s relations with Celtic Britain.

HSTY 222. History of Modern England (3)
Survey of English history, 1700-present, with some attention also to Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, as well as the effects of the British Empire "at home." Themes include political change, the industrial revolution, nineteenth-century global power and twentieth-century decline, and the roles of gender, class, race, and region in British social and cultural history.

HSTY 223. The Rise and Decline of the British Empire (3)
This course traces the history of the British empire, the geographically largest and perhaps politically most powerful empire of the modern world. Begins with the eighteenth century and the loss of most of the British colonies in the Americas, traces through the height of the Empire in the late 19th century, and then follows its decline and the process of decolonization in the 20th century. Examines the British Empire in its military, political, economic, social, cultural, gendered and ideological facets.

HSTY 225. Evolution (3)
(See PHIL 225.) Cross-listed as PHIL 225.

HSTY 227. Culture and Computers (3)
This course explores ideas about the relationship between culture and computers. Topics range from the historical development of the internet to the process of shaping cyber-identities to representations of various computer worlds in film and fiction.

HSTY 230. Colonialism and Nationalism - The Indian Context (3)
Examines British rule in India between 1700 and 1947, focusing on the colonial policies, processes, and the national movement which led to Indian independence in 1947.

HSTY 231. India Since Independence (3)
The course focuses on society, (caste system, arranged marriages, religions), politics (genesis of Kashmir dispute, role of Nehru and Gandhi), and health systems (indigenous medical traditions) in India after its independence in 1947. It will also focus on how socio-political changes have shaped the existing institutions in India.

HSTY 232. Women in India (3)
Examines the changing position of women in India, as portrayed in Vedic customs, in British India, and in contemporary modern India. Cross-listed as WMST 232.

HSTY 240. The Body in History (3)
This course examines the changing experiences of human bodies in history. It shows how science and culture have shaped diverse human experiences which often appear immutable, including sexuality, eating, race, and sickness.

HSTY 250. Issues and Methods in History (3)
A methodological introduction to historical research. Students use a variety of approaches to interpret and study historical problems. Specific topics and instructors normally vary from year to year.

HSTY 253. Technology and American Culture (3)
(See RLGN 254.) Cross-listed as RLGN 254.

HSTY 255. Economic History of the United States (3)
The growth of the American economy from the colonial period to the present. Competing explanations of economic growth; significant attention to the political and legal environment in which the U.S. economy developed; "lessons" of past experience for contemporary policy; some attention to inequality and the changing distribution of wealth and income. Cross-listed as ECON 255 and PLCY 255.

HSTY 256. American Political History (3)
From the origins of American politics in the colonial period to the present. The Revolution and Constitutional debate; presidential politics and leadership; voters and voting patterns; Congress and the courts. Emphasis both on the ideas that animated American politics and on the relation of politics to society.

HSTY 257. Immigrants in America (3)
Immigration to America has constantly reshaped the way the nation views itself. This course examines the overall history of immigration to the United States, but places that movement within a global context. It also pays particular attention to the roles that policy and technology have played in controlling or defining immigration to America.

HSTY 258. History of Southern Africa (3)
A survey of southern Africa from about 1600. Topics include the social structure of pre-colonial African societies, the beginnings of European settlement, the rise of Shaka, the discovery of minerals and the development of industry, Zimbabwe’s guerrilla war and independence, and the rise and apparent demise of apartheid.

HSTY 260. Slavery and Emancipation (3)
Begins with the African encounter with Europeans during the emergence of the modern slave trade. Students are introduced to the documents and secondary literature on the creation and maintenance of slavery, first in colonial America, and then in the United States. American technology is a cultural phenomenon, a part of, rather than separate from, more general concerns. Examines technology through historical writings, literature, images, and both material and popular culture.

HSTY 261. African-American History 1865-1945 (3)
Explores the fashioning of a modern African-American culture between emancipation and the end of World War II. Emergence of a northern-based leadership, the challenge of segregation, emergence of bourgeois culture, the fashioning of racial consciousness and black nationalism, the shift from a primarily southern and rural population to one increasingly northern and urban, the creation and contours of a modern African-American culture, the construction of racial/gender and racial/class consciousness.

HSTY 262. African-American History Since 1945 (3)
Completes the three-term sequence of the African-American history survey (although the first two courses are not prerequisites for this course). Explores some of the key events and developments shaping African-American social, political, and cultural history since 1945.

HSTY 265. History of the Professions (3)
Professions are one of the central occupational structures of modern society. This course teaches about the historical context of the professions that many students seek to join. It covers the three classic "learned" professions of clergy, law, and medicine, and newer ones such as accountancy, engineering, management, and nursing. It is comparative and interdisciplinary, examining the liberal, small-state, contexts of England and the United States, and the contrasting strong-state contexts of France, Germany, and Russia, applying theory from sociology, anthropology, and gender studies.

HSTY 266. The Engineer in America (3)
History, culture, politics, ethical considerations, and gender issues of the engineering profession in the United States.

HSTY 268. Colonialism in Africa (3)
Examines the immense social and cultural changes which took place in Africa as a result of colonial occupations, in the period roughly from 1880 to 1965. It is organized around three major rubrics which were central to the colonial experience: the spread of Christianity, economic forces which led to new forms of labor, and the growth of nationalist resistance.

HSTY 270. Introduction to Gender Studies (3)
This course introduces women and men students to the methods and concepts of gender studies, women’s studies, and feminist theory. An interdisciplinary course, it covers approaches used in literary criticism, history, philosophy, political science, sociology, anthropology, psychology, film studies, cultural studies, and art history. It is the required introductory course for students taking the women’s studies major. Cross-listed as WMST 201.

HSTY 272. Sports in America: From Play to Profit (3)
This course reviews the history of sports in America from the colonial period to the present. It gives particular attention to the evolution of sports as a major business and to the roles of gender, ethnicity, and race in the history of America sport, as well as to the emergence of sport as a major defining characteristic of America life and society.

HSTY 282. Modern China (3)
Beginning with the Opium Wars, we review the historical development of intellectual discourse, public reaction, and political protest in late Imperial and Republican China from the early 19th century to the communist revolution in 1949. In contrast to the conventional description of China from a Western point of view, this course tries to explain the emergence of modern China in the context of its intellectual, political, and socio-economic transformation as experienced by Chinese in the 19th and 20th century. By discussing the influence of the West, domestic rebellions, and political radicalism, we examine how the Chinese state and society interacted in search for modernization and reforms, how these reforms were continued during the Republican period, and to what extent historical patterns can be identified in China’s present-day development.

HSTY 284. Daily Life in Imperial China (3)
This course is an interdisciplinary study of Chinese society using methodological approaches from the fields of social cultural, economic, and art history. In order to explore the fabric of society in Imperial China (from the beginning to the early 20th century) in a creative, interactive way–including folk customs, life at the court, in city and countryside, religious activities, gender roles, material culture, consumption, entertainment, and social hierarchies–we use the excellent Chinese collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art and various visual aides such as slides and CD-ROMs in the classroom. Cross-listed as ASIA 284.

HSTY 285. Modern Japan (3)
This course introduces students to the many changes that characterize the social, political, economic, and intellectual history of modern Japan from the mid-19th century to the present. We discuss to what extent the Meiji state was built upon Japan’s "traditional" heritage, how modernization and Western influence were implemented in and perceived by society, and which factors led the government to adopt extreme imperialist and militarist policies in the early 20th century. Looking at the emergence of a new Japan after WWII, we focus on employment structures, mass culture, urbanization, gender roles, and social patterns in order to understand the transformation of modern Japanese society.

HSTY 302. Ancient Greece: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Periods (3)
The rise of Hellenic thought and institutions from the eighth to the third centuries B.C., the rise of polis, the evolution of democracy at Athens, the crises of the Persian and Peloponnesian wars, fifth century historiography, the growth of individualism, and the revival of monarchy in the Hellenistic period. Cross-listed as CLSC 302.

HSTY 303. History of the Early Church: First Through Fourth Centuries (3)
Explores the development of the diverse traditions of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the first through the fourth centuries C.E. A variety of New Testament and extra-Biblical sources are to be examined in translation. Emphasis is placed on the place of Christianity in the larger Roman society, and the variety of early Christian ideals of salvation, the Church, and Church leadership. Cross-listed as RLGN 373.

HSTY 304. Ancient Rome: Republic and Empire (3)
Growth and development of the Roman state from the unification of Italy in the early third century B.C. to the establishment of the oriental despotism under Diocletian and Constantine. The growth of empire in the Punic Wars, the uncertain steps toward an eastern hegemony, the crises in the Republic from the Gracchi to Caesar, the new regime of Augustus, the transformation of the leadership class in the early Empire, and the increasing dominance of the military over the civil structure. Cross-listed as CLSC 304.

HSTY 306. History Museums: Theory and Reality (3)
This course is an intensive summer internship (10 hours per week) at the Western Reserve Historical Society complemented by extensive readings in museum/archival theory and public historical perception. It is designed both to introduce students to museum/archival work and to compare theoretical concepts with actual museum situations. Interns will be assigned a specific project within one of the Society’s curatorial or administrative divisions but will have the opportunity to work on ancillary tasks throughout the Historical Society’s headquarters in University Circle. Prereq: Consent of department.

HSTY 307. Development of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (3)
The development of chemical ideas; theories of matter, composition, structure, and reaction; the application of chemistry and chemical theory from antiquity to the 20th century; all considered in social context.

HSTY 308. Italian Renaissance 1350-1600 (3)
Political and cultural history of Renaissance Italy. Florence, Venice, Rome, and the development of Humanism. Extensive reading of major writers such as Machiavelli.

HSTY 309. Reformation Europe, 1500-1650 (3)
Origins and development of Protestantism, the Catholic Counter-Reformation, and the interaction between secular power and religious identity in Christian Europe. Cross-listed as RLGN 374.

HSTY 310. The French Revolutionary Era (3)
Causes, progress, and results of the internal transformation of France from 1789 to 1815; impact of revolutionary ideas on other European and non-European societies.

HSTY 311. Seminar: Modern American Historiography (3)
This seminar examines the approaches that professional historians of the United States have taken to the writing of American history in the past fifty years, with emphasis on changes in historical concerns, master debates among historians, and contemporary interests. Topics covered include national politics and government, economic development, social history, the history of ethnicity, race, and gender, and foreign policy and international relations. Each student will read widely and will prepare a series of reports on selected books and authors.

HSTY 312. European Legal History (3)
Examines the development of the legal systems of Central and Western Europe since the reception of Roman law. Focus will fall upon the alliance of Roman law and the absolutist state, the rise of bureaucratic absolutism, codification and the rise of liberal constitutional and legal thought, the Central European Rechtsstaat tradition, the historical school and legal positivism, the differing trajectories of development of bars in private practice, and the shape of modern European civil law systems, all in their social contexts.

HSTY 313. Women in Modern European History (3)
Examines modern European history from the perspective of women’s experiences. Considers how women’s productive and reproductive roles have changed, as well as changes in their political and legal rights, their social and cultural contexts, and their participation in historical movements and events.

HSTY 315. Heresy and Dissidence in the Middle Ages (3)
Survey of heretical individuals and groups in Western Europe from 500 - 1500 A.D., focusing on popular rather than academic heresies. The development of intolerance in medieval society and the problems of doing history from hostile sources will also be explored. Cross-listed as RLGN 315.

HSTY 318. History of Black Women in the U.S. (3)
Chronologically arranged around specific issues in black women’s history organizations, participation in community and political movements, labor experiences, and expressive culture. The course will use a variety of materials, including autobiography, literature, music, and film.

HSTY 319. The Crusades (3)
This course is a survey of the history of the idea of "crusade," the expeditions of Western Europeans to the East known as crusades, the Muslim and Eastern Christian cultures against which these movements were directed, as well as the culture of the Latin East and other consequences of these crusades. Cross-listed as RLGN 319.

HSTY 321. Colonialism, Sex, Race, and Gender (3)
This course is an exploration of four extended historical episodes in which categories of race, gender and, inevitably, sexuality have interacted and shifted as a result of colonial encounters. In different parts of the globe and at different moments in the last three centuries, these encounters between expanding imperial cultures and indigenous cultures produced societies with racial and gender hierarchies, where sex was a site of colonial anxiety, exploitation and regulation.

HSTY 322. Feminist Theory, Women’s History, Gender History (3)
A reading seminar designed to expose students to current theory and methods in feminist history, as well as feminist scholarship more generally. It includes a variety of topics representative of interests and concerns shared by feminist historians, as well as a range of methodological approaches and theoretical debates. The course aims to impart a sense of the ways in which feminist theory has been applied to and has transformed historical scholarship. Cross-listed as WMST 322.

HSTY 325. U.S. Politics, Culture, and Society: 1787-1865 (3)
Explores politics, culture, and society in the United States between the War for Independence and the Civil War. Topics include the transformation of political ideology, the political process, capitalist development in cities, factories, and the countryside, and changing dynamics of class, race, and gender in both the North and South.

HSTY 332. European Diplomacy in the Age of Nationalism: 1789-1945 (3)
Presents a broad interpretation of the development of the international system in Europe between the French Revolution of 1789 and the end of the European era in 1945. It explains why and how the closed European state system at the beginning of the nineteenth century evolved into an international transcontinental system by the early twentieth century.

HSTY 334. History of 19th Century Germany (3)
Examines the political, social, economic, and cultural history of Germany from the late eighteenth century to 1914. Explores the intellectual and social background to the rise of German liberalism and nationalism, the struggle with bureaucratic absolutism, the revolutions of 1848, industrial capitalism and the emergence of a class society, unification under Bismarck, the role of the state, culture, religion, and changes of mentality, the development of mass politics, and the coming of World War I.

HSTY 335. History of 20th Century Germany (3)
Examines the tumultuous history of Germany from 1914 to the unification of the two Germanys in 1989-1990. From the totalizing and traumatic experience of World War I, through a failed revolution, the republican experiment of Weimar, the National Socialist dictatorship under Hitler and the divided Germany suspended between the superpowers, the newly unified democratic Federal Republic. Examines the ways in which Germans have tried to reconcile the state to their society, economy, and individual lives.

HSTY 342. Russia Since the Revolution (3)
Beginning with the background to the Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917, this course explores the rise and fall of the communist system of the Soviet Union. It examines the radical upheavals imposed upon the Russian and other peoples of the Soviet Union, the Stalinist autocracy, post-Stalinist attempts to make the system work, the superpower era, sclerosis and stagnation, glasnost and perestroika, coup and collapse.

HSTY 348. Political and Social Thought in the Machine Age (3)
Explores the responses of economist writers, philosophers, cultural critics, and public policy makers to changes in Western society wrought by industrialization, by focusing on their concerns with technological change. Cross-listed as POSC 348.

HSTY 351. Colonial America 1607-1763 (3)
The formative years of American society and culture. Slavery and racism, expansionism, regionalism, the modern family, pluralism, sense of mission, and republican ideology.

HSTY 352. The Creation of the American Republic: 1763-1815 (3)
The causes and consequences of the American Revolution, the formation of the American Republic, and the early years of the new nation. Federalism and republicanism as theories and in application, and the role of the Americans’ experience in the age of democratic revolutions.

HSTY 353. Women in American History I (3)
The images and realities of women’s social, political, and economic lives in early America. Uses primary documents and biographers to observe individuals and groups of women in relation to legal, religious, and social restrictions.

HSTY 354. Women in American History II (3)
With HSTY 353, forms a two-semester introduction to women’s studies. The politics of suffrage and the modern woman’s efforts to balance marriage, motherhood, and career. (HSTY 353 not a prerequisite.)

HSTY 355. Age of American Civil War 1815-80 (3)
This course examines the causes and consequences of the Civil War, focusing on the rise of sectionalism, the dynamics of conflict, and reconstruction. Heavy emphasis is placed on archival research in relevant first person accounts from the period.

HSTY 356. Industrial America: 1880-1940 (3)
The social, economic, and political adaptation of American society to the industrial age. The impact of industrialism on such recurrent historical problems as technological change, race relations, social reform, urbanization, and political participation.

HSTY 358. America Since 1940 (3)
A comprehensive introduction to the recent history of the Unites States, organized around changes in national policy and politics. Special emphasis on the impact of World War II and the Cold War; the expansion of the federal government through the Great Society and beyond; the Civil Rights and Women’s Rights movements; challenges to the legitimacy of politics; and the efforts to maintain economic growth.

HSTY 359. Race in American Social and Cultural Thought (3)
Explores the social and cultural construction of race in American social thought. Topics for discussion range from race in the age of European exploration to slavery and the postbellum years, to 20th century cultural thought. In addition, the course addresses the ways in which racial thought has shaped American politics, social policy, and culture. The readings, lectures, discussions, and assignments stress the interrelated, but unique experiences of the various racial groups in the U.S.

HSTY 360. American Foreign Policy since 1900 (3)
The underlying economic, political, and cultural forces that influenced policy formation from the end of the Spanish-American War through the aftermath of the Vietnam War. The development and function of the national and international apparatus of foreign relations from the consular service, world court and cartels to the CIA, United Nations, and international corporations.

HSTY 362. American Social and Cultural History since 1865 (3)
History of the nationalization of new economic, political, social, scientific, and aesthetic ideas and their embodiment in the development of professions, social movements, and cultural institutions.

HSTY 364. City, Town, and Suburban American History (3)
Nearly all Americans now live in the big cities, suburbs, and nearby towns of large metropolitan regions; one hundred years ago most Americans lived in the countryside. This course explores the rise of cities and metropolitan regions as the settings for American life. It considers the timing of the urban and suburban movements, explanations for urbanization and suburbanization, and the changing character of city, suburban, and small town life. The course pays special attention to the consequences of urban and metropolitan growth for economic opportunity, for metropolitan government, for social life and conflict, and for cultural expression and cultural change.

HSTY 366. Science, Technology, and Government (3)
Traces the development and influence of federal technology and science policies from colonial times to the present, with emphasis on the 20th century. Cross-listed as POSC 365.

HSTY 368. Modern American Legal History (3)
Examines the workings of the modern American legal system from the Civil War to the present. Focus on the relationships between the law and social, economic, and professional change. Lectures, discussions, and analysis of legal documents.

HSTY 377. Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control (3)
National and international problems concerning nuclear weapons, and the past and present attempts both to control their spread and to prevent their use. Topics covered include the science and technology of fission and fusion warheads and delivery vehicles; history, domestic policies, and international relations concerning nuclear weapons; and arms control treaties and their verification. Cross-listed as POSC 375.

HSTY 378. Environmental History of North America (3)
Explores the way nature has shaped history as well as the ecological consequences of development. Focus is on the relationship between the natural and the cultural with special attention to such topics as economic growth, wilderness, disease, environmental justice, and the conquest of the American West.

HSTY 379. America in the ’50s (3)
American life and culture in the decade of Elvis, Eisenhower, McCarthy and the beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement. Films, novels and recordings will supplement lectures and discussions on such topics as the Cold War, conformity, the role of women, television, the Korean War, and beatniks.

HSTY 381. City as a Classroom (3)
In this course, the city is the classroom. We will engage with the urban terrain. We will meet weekly at League Park Community Center in Hough, interact with community members, and interface–both literally and figuratively–with the city as a way to examine the linkages between historical, conceptual, and contemporary issues, with particular attention paid to race and class dynamics, inequality, and social justice. This course will have four intersecting components, primarily focusing on American cities since the 1930s: the social and physical construction of urban space, the built environment, life and culture in the city, and social movements and grassroots struggles.

HSTY 382. Chinese Business and Economic History (3)
This course explores China’s business and economic history from the opening of the treaty ports in the early 19th century to the post-war socialist economy, the market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s, and the most recent developments in the context of China’s social political transformation. One major focus of the course is a comparative approach to the issue of industrialization and the introduction of modern enterprises and economic structures into China. By examining the socio-economic background of Chinese business from family and personal networks to property rights, students learn about the institutional, cultural, and social aspects which are still relevant for business transactions and institutions in China today.

HSTY 383. The People’s Republic of China (3)
Now more than ever, the Chinese state and society are facing tremendous economic, social, and political challenges. This course presents an overview of the development of Chinese Communist theory and practice from 1949 to the present day. Among the topics covered are the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, the economic reforms of the 1980s, the Tiananmen student protests, the Communist party’s crisis of legitimacy, the Taiwan problem, ecological challenges, the new socialist market economy, and current social developments from domestic migration to youth culture and new forms of nationalism. The class involves a mixture of lectures and discussion and draws on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including current news reports, films, documentaries, and fiction in translation. Cross-listed as POSC 368.

HSTY 390. Seminar: History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (3)
Required of majors in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology.

HSTY 391. Food in History (3)
Food is inextricably interconnected with the development of agriculture and other technologies, with the rise and fall of empires, with increasing understanding of diet and nutrition, with laws and regulations, with the arts, with economic development and consumer culture, and with religious and ethnic identities. By examining selective and representative episodes pertaining to each of these topics, this course explores the global history of food, from the agricultural revolution of the neolithic era to the consumer revolution of the last generation.

HSTY 394. Seminar in Evolutionary Biology (3)
(See PHIL 394.) Cross-listed as PHIL 394.

HSTY 395. History of Medicine (3)
This course treats selected topics in the history of medicine, with an emphasis on social and cultural history. Focusing on the modern period, we examine illnesses, patients, and healers, with attention to the ways sickness and medicine touch larger questions of politics, social relations and identity.

HSTY 397. Undergraduate Tutorial (1-3)
Individual instruction with members of the history faculty. Prereq: 12 hours of History.

HSTY 398. Senior Research Seminar (3)
Training in the nature and methods of historical writing and research. Prereq: Majors only, Senior standing.

HSTY 400. Graduate Topical Seminar (3)
A rotating graduate seminar, offered every semester by a different faculty member. Each semester focuses on a topic of central historiographical or methodological importance.

HSTY 402. Survey of the History of Science (3)
A graduate-level historiographic review of the history of the sciences from the seventeenth century to the present.

HSTY 404. Introduction to the Nonprofit Sector (3)
(See HSTY 204.)

HSTY 406. History Museums: Theory and Reality (3)
(See HSTY 306.)

HSTY 410. Seminar: Early American Historiography (3)
This seminar examines the historiography of early America. It is designed to acquaint history doctoral students with the major themes, methods, and scholars of American history from the seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. Students will be expected to read and report on major works in the field.

HSTY 411. Seminar: Modern American Historiography (3)
(See HSTY 311.)

HSTY 422. Feminist Theory, Women’s History, Gender History (3)
(See HSTY 322.) Cross-listed as WMST 422.

HSTY 451. Seminar in the History of European Technology (3)
A graduate-level, research seminar on the history of European technology from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Special emphasis is on cultural history of technology with a transatlantic view. The themes of the seminar vary from year to year, but include: communications, industrialization, control, cultural and intellectual approaches to the history of technology. Required work includes a research paper based on original sources.

HSTY 452. Readings in the History of American Technology (3)
A graduate-level review of the history of American technology.

HSTY 470. History and Cultural Studies (3)
This course explores the uses of cultural and critical theory by historians, in particular relevant developments in anthropology, literary criticism, and philosophy. Topics include collective memory, the social construction of knowledge, theories of narrativity, the concept of post-modernity, and the historical formations of class, race, gender, and nation.

HSTY 475. Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control (3)
(See HSTY 377.) Cross-listed as POSC 475.

HSTY 477. Modern Policy History of the United States (3)
This course offers a historical perspective on policy and policy making in the United States since the late nineteenth century. It emphasizes the increasing role of the federal government, the persisting importance of the states, the significance of the courts, the revolutionary impact of the women’s and civil rights movements, and the consequences of the growth and transformation of the American economy. Each student selects a policy area for detailed exploration; students often choose topics related to civil rights, women’s rights, health care, environmental reform, non-profit and non-governmental organizations, the arts, and education, but other topics are also appropriate. Prereq: Consent of department for undergrads.

HSTY 480. Public Policy and Aging (3)
(See EPBI 408.) Cross-listed as EPBI 408.

HSTY 481. City as a Classroom (3)
(See HSTY 381.)

HSTY 494. Seminar in Evolutionary Biology (3)
(See PHIL 494.) Cross-listed as PHIL 494.

HSTY 495. History of Medicine (3)
(See HSTY 395.)

HSTY 497. Graduate Independent Study (1-3)
Independent reading and research programs with individual members of the faculty.

HSTY 601. Independent Studies (1-18)
(Credit as arranged.)

HSTY 611. Introduction to Historiography (3)
Required seminar for all M.A. and Ph.D. students. Introduces students to historiographical and methodological issues.

HSTY 651. Thesis M.A. (1-18)
(Credit as arranged.)

HSTY 701. Dissertation Ph.D. (1-18)
(Credit as arranged.) Limited to Ph.D. candidates actively engaged in the research and writing of their dissertations.

207 Mather House
Phone 216-368-2614; Fax 216-368-4681
Alan Rocke, Director

Web site: http://www.case.edu/artsci/hpst

Alan J. Rocke, Ph.D. (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
Henry Eldridge Bourne Professor of History and Director

James M. Edmonson, Ph.D. (University of Delaware)
Director, Dittrick Medical History Center, and Adjunct Associate Professor

Miriam R. Levin, Ph.D. (University of Massachusetts)
Associate Professor of History

Colin McLarty, Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University)
Associate Professor of Philosophy

Patricia Princehouse, M.A. (Yale University)
Lecturer in Philosophy

Carroll W. Pursell, Ph.D. (University of California)
Adeline Barry Davee Distinguished Professor of History

Jonathan Sadowsky, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University)
Associate Professor of History

The Department of Philosophy and the Department of History together offer an undergraduate major in the history and philosophy of science. The purpose of the major is to develop a humanistic understanding of the nature and development of science through the combined use of philosophical and historical methods. The major provides a foundation for graduate study in a range of academic disciplines and for careers in business, medicine, law, public policy, and science journalism. It also may be profitably combined with a program in one of the sciences. Within the major, a student may seek an emphasis on philosophy of science, physical science, or biological and medically related science.

The history and philosophy of science and technology major requires 30 credit hours from courses in philosophy and in history of science and technology. Required are PHIL 101, 204, and 302; HSTY 151 and 202; HSTY/PHIL 203; HSTY/PHIL 390; and three electives approved by the major advisor.

The minor in History and Philosophy of Science consists of HSTY 202, PHIL/HSTY 203, and PHIL 204, plus two electives approved by the major advisor. Students who major in the history and philosophy of science and technology are not permitted to take a second major in philosophy or to minor in philosophy.

111 Mather House
Phone 216-368-2425; Fax 216-368-4681
Vincent E. McHale, Director (vem@po.cwru.edu)

International studies is a multi-disciplinary program leading to the B.A. degree. Study in the program provides students with the ability to read beyond the headlines, to see world events in terms of how they got to be that way, how they fit into broader issues and systems, and how one might imagine their place in shaping the future. To attain this goal, students are introduced to the methods of conceptualizing international and global issues, as well as to study of a society other than their own. They will learn to think critically about contending and complementary methods and theories, developing an appreciation for both traditional disciplinary approaches and newer cross-disciplinary approaches. Students also will acquire skills that will allow them to recognize and deal with complexity; communicative and analytical skills in a language other than English (or other than their native language); and skills in statistics, in computer-based global analysis, or in negotiation.

It is strongly recommended that all international studies students participate in at least one of several off-campus programs which will facilitate the international perspective: junior year abroad, summer internships in Washington, D.C., or professional practicum-type work experiences in Cleveland which involve an international context. It also is recommended that students have a solid foundation in economics. In addition to forming the groundwork for an evolving understanding of and lifelong engagement with the modern world, a background in international studies provides excellent, practical preparation for careers that deal with the emerging needs of our world. International studies majors go on to careers in international marketing and management, diplomatic service, health, law, social services, and journalism, as well as careers within the academic disciplines. The professional schools of business, medicine, nursing, law, and applied social sciences at Case Western Reserve all have significant international foci, and our students can explore careers in these areas during their undergraduate years. The skills, analytic abilities, and critical approaches of international studies should equip students as well for new employment patterns which may not fit into existing career descriptions.

Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania State University)
Professor and Chair, Political Science; Director, International Studies Program
Comparative politics; Europe; political sociology; methodology

Bo A. Carlsson, Ph.D. (Stanford University)
William E. Umstattd Professor of Economics
Managerial economics; industrial economics

William E. Deal, Ph.D. (Harvard University)
Severance Associate Professor of the History of Religion
Religions of China and Japan; Asian civilizations

Elisabeth Köll, D.Phil. (Oxford University)
Assistant Professor of History; Director, Asian Studies Program
East Asian history; Chinese economic history; recent China

Kenneth F. Ledford, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University), J.D. (University of North Carolina)
Associate Professor of History; Secondary appointment, School of Law; Director, German Studies Program
Modern German history; European social history; German and European legal history

Mihajlo D. Mesarovic, Ph.D. (Serbian Academy of Science)
Cady Staley Professor of Systems Engineering
Large-scale systems theory; multilevel systems; world and regional modeling

The major in international studies requires a minimum of 33 credit hours taken from the list of approved topical and area studies courses, plus satisfaction of a language competency requirement. Each student will prepare a program of study, indicating specific course selections to meet the six area requirements below, which must be approved by a faculty advisor drawn from the steering committee membership. Students also should discuss the choice of their minor or a second major with their advisor. Among the courses chosen should be at least one course which involves the development of skills in computer applications, economic analysis, statistics, or other quantitative methods. Normally no more than two courses taken for international studies credit may count simultaneously toward a minor or another major. Courses taken to satisfy the language competency requirement are exempted from this rule, and several international studies courses contribute to the completion of the Arts and Sciences General Education Requirements.

The International Studies Steering Committee currently recognizes over 150 courses from which the student may choose to satisfy the area and topical foci requirements. Course lists are available from the program advisors. Additional courses may be selected on the basis of individual student interest, or the discretion of the faculty advisor. Courses also may be selected from within existing area studies programs:

INTL 396. International Independent Study (1-3)
Study of a topic within the scope of international studies. The student must complete a prospectus form, approved and signed by the supervising faculty member, no later than the second week of classes. The prospectus must outline the goals of the project and the research methodology to be used and is part of the basis for grading. Open to juniors and seniors majoring in international studies. Prereq: Consent of program coordinator and program prospectus form.

INTL 398. International Senior Colloquium (3)
Individual work with a faculty tutor leading to the writing of a major research paper. Regular class sessions are supervised by the colloquium coordinator in which students present their initial concepts, outlines, research, and drafts. Open only to seniors majoring in international studies. Prereq: Consent of colloquium coordinator.